Air Traffic Management (ATM) is governed by PANS‑ATM (DOC 4444) and focuses on safe aircraft separation, clearance issuance, and pilot responsibilities. Clearances are based on known traffic and must be read back; pilots may request amendments. Separation minima cover vertical, horizontal, and wake‑turbulence spacing, with specific rules for heavy, medium, and light aircraft.

Radar (PSR/SSR) and ADS‑B provide surveillance, while flight‑information and alerting services are delivered by flight‑information centres or ATC units. Emergency and interception procedures prioritize safety, requiring immediate communication, vectoring, and adherence to prescribed descent or holding patterns, and ensure compliance with all regulatory requirements.